Capsaicin-induced secondary hyperalgesia differences between the trigeminal and spinal innervation.

This study compared the degree of secondary hyperalgesia and somatosensory threshold changes induced by topical capsaicin between spinal and trigeminal innervation. This crossover clinical trial included 40 healthy individuals in which 0.25 g of 1% capsaicin cream was randomly applied for 45 minutes to a circular area of 2 cm to the skin covering the masseter muscle and forearm in 2 different sessions, separated by at least 24 hours and no more than 72 hours (washout period).

Statins as potential disease-modifying therapy of Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis.

Background: Recent evidence indicates that statins have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, leading to several investigations of whether statins have a neuroprotective effect and may benefit patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the potential mechanisms of this class of medications as modifiers of the course of PD in already diagnosed patients is still unclear.

Objectives: To assess the effectiveness of statins as modifiers of established PD.

New insights into the putative role of leucine-rich repeat proteins of and their participation in host cell invasion: an analysis.

Pathogenic are spirochetes that cause leptospirosis, a worldwide zoonotic disease. Leptospirosis affects humans and animals, with approximately 1 million human infections and 60,000 deaths per year. The diversity of leptospiral strains and serovars allied to the fact that pathogenesis is not yet fully understood, make the development of an effective vaccine against leptospirosis a challenge.

Bioactive-based spray and spot-on formulations: Development, characterization and in vitro efficacy against fleas and ticks.

The flea Ctenocephalides felis felis and the tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus are ectoparasites of great importance in veterinary medicine that can affect pets, also impacting the lives of owners due to the possible transmission of zoonoses. Due to the negative impact on animals, owners and the environment, synthetic chemicals are being replaced by natural alternatives. Eugenol and carvacrol stand out as bioactive substances with potential antiparasitic activity.

Well-managed grass is a key strategy for carbon storage and stabilization in anthropized Amazon soils.

Soils under anthropic use in the Amazon region are often associated with soil carbon (C) stock losses. More recently, the restoration of degraded pastures and the introduction of integrated systems have changed this pattern, and soil C accumulation is often observed. This study evaluated an 11-year field experiment to quantify soil C changes and elucidate C stabilization mechanisms in areas under anthropic uses in the southern Amazon of Brazil.