Case report: Potential physiological sources of the late response in epidural spinal recordings induced by spinal cord stimulation during intraoperative neuromonitoring.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the sources of later response in epidural spinal recordings (ESRs) obtained from implanted leads during spinal cord stimulation, a topic has not been widely studied in previous research.

Methods: Two patients with lower back and lower extremity pain underwent SCS implantation with intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM). The timing of extracted peaks in ESRs and intramuscular electromyography (EMG) recordings were analyzed and compared to a Monte Carlo simulation for synchronization analysis.

Changes in Muscle Activation and Joint Motion During Walking After Transtibial Amputation with Sensory Feedback from Spinal Cord Stimulation: A Case Study.

Background: The goal of this study was to examine the effects of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) on muscle activity during walking after lower-limb amputation. Amputation results in a loss of sensory feedback and alterations in gait biomechanics, including co-contractions of antagonist muscles about the knee and ankle, and reduced pelvic obliquity range-of-motion and pelvic drop. SCS can restore sensation in the missing limb, but its effects on muscle activation and gait biomechanics have not been studied in people with lower-limb amputation.

Synergy in Neuroimaging: PET-CT and MRI Fusion for Enhanced Characterization of Brain Pathology.

Background: Accurate diagnosis and understanding of brain disorders are crucial for the best treatment. While multimodal neuroimaging is essential, it has its limitations. Conventional computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provide detailed anatomical information but lack molecular insights, while 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG PET) offers metabolic data but often has limited spatial resolution.

The effects of neuron morphology and spatial distribution on the selectivity of dorsal root ganglion stimulation.

For prosthesis users, sensory feedback that appears to come from the missing limb can improve function, confidence, and phantom limb pain. Numerous pre-clinical studies have considered stimulation via penetrating microelectrodes at the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) as a potential approach for somatosensory neuroprostheses. However, to develop clinically translatable neuroprosthetic devices, a less invasive approach, such as stimulation via epineural macroelectrodes, would be preferable.

Prospective Six-Month Analysis of Multiarea Burst Spinal Cord Stimulation: Correlating Intraoperative Neuromonitoring With Postoperative Programming and Clinical Outcomes.

Introduction: DeRidder burst spinal cord stimulation (SCS) has shown superior relief from overall pain to traditional tonic neurostimulation therapies and a reduction in back and leg pain. However, nearly 80% of patients have two or more noncontiguous pain areas. This affects the ability to effectively program stimulation and deliver long-term efficacy of the therapy.