How the addition of atomic hydrogen to a multiple bond can be catalyzed by water molecules.

Observational data show complex organic molecules in the interstellar medium (ISM). Hydrogenation of small unsaturated carbon double bond could be one way for molecular complexification. It is important to understand how such reactivity occurs in the very cold and low-pressure ISM.

The significant role of water in reactions occurring on the surface of interstellar ice grains: Hydrogenation of pure ketene HCCO ice hydrogenation of mixed HCCO/HO ice at 10 K.

Water ice plays an important role in reactions taking place on the surface of interstellar ice grains, ranging from catalytic effects that reduce reaction barrier heights to effects that stabilize the reaction products and intermediates formed, or that favor one reaction pathway over another, passing through water-involvement in the reaction to produce more complex molecules that cannot be formed without water or water-derived fragments H, O and OH. In this context, we have combined experimental and theoretical studies to investigate ketene (CHCO) + H solid-state reaction at 10 K in the presence and absence of water molecules under interstellar conditions, through H-bombardment of CHCO and CHCO/HO ices. We show in the present study that with or without water, the ketene molecule reacts with H atoms to form four reaction products, namely CO, HCO, CH and CHCHO.

Formation of CO, CH, HCO and CHCHO through the HCCO + H surface reaction under interstellar conditions.

The reaction of ketene (HCCO) with hydrogen atoms has been studied under interstellar conditions through two different experimental methods, occurring on the surface and in the bulk of HCCO ice. We show that ketene interaction with H-atoms at 10 K leads mainly to four reaction products, carbon monoxide (CO), methane (CH), formaldehyde (HCO) and acetaldehyde (CHCHO). A part of these results shows a chemical link between a simple organic molecule such as HCCO and a complex one such as CHCHO, through H-addition reactions taking place in dense molecular clouds.

Enteral nutrition support for infants with pulmonary hypoplasia: A qualitative evaluation of caregiver and provider perspectives.

Background: Enteral nutrition is a critical intervention that supports the growth of children with pulmonary hypoplasia (PH). We explored the experiences of caregivers and providers caring for children with PH to better understand gaps in knowledge transfer and identify barriers and facilitators to caregiving to inform interventions that may improve support.

Methods: This qualitative study included 10 interviews with caregivers and 10 clinical team members at a single integrated care program for children with PH.

The International Human Epigenome Consortium Data Portal.

The International Human Epigenome Consortium (IHEC) coordinates the production of reference epigenome maps through the characterization of the regulome, methylome, and transcriptome from a wide range of tissues and cell types. To define conventions ensuring the compatibility of datasets and establish an infrastructure enabling data integration, analysis, and sharing, we developed the IHEC Data Portal (http://epigenomesportal.ca/ihec).