Light Environment of Arctic Solstices is Coupled With Melatonin Phase-Amplitude Changes and Decline of Metabolic Health.

Light environment in the Arctic differs widely with the seasons. Studies of relationships between objectively measured circadian phase and amplitude of light exposure and melatonin in community-dwelling Arctic residents are lacking. This investigation combines cross-sectional (n = 24-62) and longitudinal (n = 13-27) data from week-long actigraphy (with light sensor), 24-h salivary melatonin profiles, and proxies of metabolic health.

Symmetric dimethylguanidino valeric acid, a novel single biomarker of hepatic steatosis.

There is an unmet need for a biomarker of liver fat. We identified dimethylguanidino valeric acid (DMGV) as a circulating biomarker of liver fat. Here, we assess its two isoforms-symmetric (SDGV) and asymmetric (ADGV)-as biomarkers of steatosis.

Novel Core Gene Signature Associated with Inflammation-to-Metaplasia Transition in Influenza A Virus-Infected Lungs.

Respiratory infections caused by RNA viruses are a major contributor to respiratory disease due to their ability to cause annual epidemics with profound public health implications. Influenza A virus (IAV) infection can affect a variety of host signaling pathways that initiate tissue regeneration with hyperplastic and/or dysplastic changes in the lungs. Although these changes are involved in lung recovery after IAV infection, in some cases, they can lead to serious respiratory failure.

Complex Inhibitory Activity of Pentacyclic Triterpenoids against Cutaneous Melanoma In Vitro and In Vivo: A Literature Review and Reconstruction of Their Melanoma-Related Protein Interactome.

Pentacyclic triterpenoids (PTs) are a class of plant metabolites with a wide range of pharmacological activities, including strong antitumor potential against skin malignancies. By acting on multiple signaling pathways that control key cellular processes, PTs are able to exert complex effects on melanoma progression in vitro and in vivo. In this review, we have analyzed the works published in the past decade and devoted to the effects of PTs, both natural and semisynthetic, on cutaneous melanoma pathogenesis, including not only their direct action on melanoma cells but also their influence on the tumor microenvironment and abberant melanogenesis, often associated with melanoma aggressiveness.

Changes in the Tissue Barrier after Exposure to Lipopolysaccharide on the Apical Side of Enterocytes and the Follicle-Associated Epithelium in Peyer's Patches of the Rat Intestine.

To study the para- and transcellular permeability of columnar epithelium and follicle-associated epithelium of Peyer's patches in the rat intestine, LPS was applied from the mucosal side to simulate the action of endotoxins from gram-negative bacteria of gut microbiota. LPS did not affect transepithelial resistance or sodium fluorescein permeability, but increased the levels of claudin-3 and claudin-4 in enterocytes, suggesting strengthening of the paracellular intestinal barrier. Transcellular permeability was evaluated by electron microscopy based on the number of vesicular structures in the cytoplasm of different cell types.