Microglia in the aged brain develop a hypoactive molecular phenotype after surgery.

Background: Microglia, the resident immune cells of the brain, play a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis in the central nervous system (CNS). However, they can also contribute to neurodegeneration through their pro-inflammatory properties and phagocytic functions. Acute post-operative cognitive deficits have been associated with inflammation, and microglia have been implicated primarily based on morphological changes.

Taurine pangenome uncovers a segmental duplication upstream of associated with depigmentation in white-headed cattle.

Cattle have been selectively bred for coat color, spotting, and depigmentation patterns. The assumed autosomal dominant inherited genetic variants underlying the characteristic white head of Fleckvieh, Simmental, and Hereford cattle have not been identified yet, although the contribution of structural variation upstream the gene has been proposed. Here, we construct a graph pangenome from 24 haplotype assemblies representing seven taurine cattle breeds to identify and characterize the white head-associated locus for the first time based on long-read sequencing data and pangenome analyses.

Large-Core Ischemic Stroke Endovascular Treatment: A Science Advisory From the American Heart Association.

Several trials of endovascular treatment for patients with large-core acute ischemic stroke have been completed. Whereas future stroke clinical guidelines will provide specific recommendations, this advisory aims to summarize the results of these trials, analyze the commonalities and differences among the studies, and discuss the clinical implications of these new results.

Nonlinear transcriptomic responses to compounded environmental changes across temperature and resources in a pest beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae).

Many species are experiencing drastic and multidimensional changes to their environment due to anthropogenic events. These multidimensional changes may act nonadditively on physiological and life history responses, and thus may not be predicted by responses to single dimensional environmental changes. Therefore, work is needed to understand species' responses to multiple aspects of change.

Vascular Neurology Considerations for Antiamyloid Immunotherapy: A Science Advisory From the American Heart Association.

Antibodies directed at the amyloid-β peptide offer the prospect of disease-modifying therapy for early-stage Alzheimer disease but also carry the risk of brain edema or bleeding events, collectively designated amyloid-related imaging abnormalities. Introduction of the antiamyloid immunotherapies into practice is therefore likely to present a new set of questions for clinicians treating patients with cerebrovascular disease: Which manifestations of cerebrovascular disease should preclude, or permit, antibody treatment? Is it safe to prescribe amyloid immunotherapies to individuals who require antithrombotic treatment, or to administer thrombolysis to antibody-treated individuals with acute stroke? How should severe amyloid-related imaging abnormalities be managed? This science advisory summarizes the data and key considerations to guide these challenging decisions as the medical community collects further data and experience with these groundbreaking agents.