[Molecular genetic determinants of intraspecific polymorphism of the phytopathogenic fungus Cryphonectria parasitica].

The review summarizes the current evidence on the phytopathogenic fungus Cryphonectria parasitica, which is a classic object for studying hypovirulence. Phenotypic manifestations of hypovirulence and themolecular mechanisms of action of the mycovirus Cryphonectria hypovirus (CHV) infecting the fungus are described in detail. Genetic determinants of vegetative incompatibility in C.

Stress-induced changes in accumulation of sorbitol and in activities of concomitant enzymes in digestive gland of freshwater snail.

Sorbitol content was determined in the digestive gland of freshwater snail (Viviparus viviparus L.) in different seasons and in a short-term experiment on the water temperature decrease and on intoxication with cadmium chloride. In the model experiments, changes in activities of enzymes involved in sorbitol metabolism (acid phosphatases, sorbitol dehydrogenase, and aldose reductase) were also studied.

Separation and characterization of deoxyribonucleases from hepatopancreas of freshwater snail in normality and under in vivo model intoxication.

Deoxyribonucleases (DNases) differing in the subcellular localization and specificity towards native and denatured substrates and in products of cleavage of endogenous DNA were isolated for the first time from the hepatopancreas of freshwater snail by differential sedimentation and preparative isoelectrofocusing. It was defined found that treatment with phenol leads to activation of most of the investigated DNases, especially in lysosomes, and induces two new DNases of lysosomal origin. The possible different participation of certain DNases of the snail hepatopancreas in the regulation of DNA degradation under intoxication is discussed.

Acid phosphatase complex from the freshwater snail Viviparus viviparus L. under standard conditions and intoxication by cadmium ions.

Acid phosphatases differing in both subcellular localization and substrate specificity were isolated for the first time from the liver of the freshwater snail Viviparus viviparus L. by preparative isoelectrofocusing. One of five characterized phosphatases is highly specific to ADP and the others can hydrolyze (at variable rate) a series of natural substrates.

[Effect of industrial toxic pollutants on the activity and isoforms of acid DNase in the freshwater snail (Viviparus viviparus L.)].

The effect of various toxic compounds (phenol, gasoline, detergents, halogenated benzenes, and copper salts) on the activity and multiple forms of acid DNase was investigated in the liver of the widespread freshwater snail species Viviparus viviparus L. Characteristic variations in the specific activity and isoform pattern of the enzyme depending on pollutant concentration and exposure time were revealed. It was shown that the pattern of DNase isoforms in V.