Estimating the burden of underdiagnosis within England: A modelling study of linked primary care data.

Introduction: Undiagnosed chronic disease has serious health consequences, and variation in rates of underdiagnosis between populations can contribute to health inequalities. We aimed to estimate the level of undiagnosed disease of 11 common conditions and its variation across sociodemographic characteristics and regions in England.

Methods: We used linked primary care, hospital and mortality data on approximately 1.

Menstrual cup acceptability and functionality in real-world use: A cross-sectional survey of young people in Australia.

Background: Menstrual cups offer a cost-effective and environmentally sustainable product for many young people. While clinical trials have shown their safety and effectiveness, no studies have investigated their performance in real-world use.

Aims: To describe the acceptability and functionality (continuation, discomforts, leakage, and adverse events) of menstrual cups and investigate the supportive role of product knowledge.

Inequalities in the prevalence recording of 205 chronic conditions recorded in primary and secondary care for 12 million patients in the English National Health Service.

Background: Understanding the prevalence of diseases and where it is detected and recorded in healthcare settings is important for planning effective prevention and care provision. We examined inequalities in the prevalence of 205 chronic conditions and in the care setting where the related diagnoses were recorded in the English National Health Service.

Methods: We used data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink Aurum linked with Hospital Episode Statistics for 12.

Urban wall lizards are resilient to high levels of blood lead.

Living in urban environments presents many challenges to wildlife, including exposure to potentially toxic pollutants. For example, the heavy metal lead (Pb) introduces numerous health problems to all animals, including humans. The little work that has been conducted on lead toxicity in reptiles suggests that lizards may be extraordinarily resilient to very high levels of lead pollution, by either avoiding or mitigating the toxicity.

Include the females: morphology-performance relationships vary between sexes in lizards.

An animal's morphology influences its ability to perform essential tasks, such as locomoting to obtain prey or escape predators. While morphology-performance relationships are well-studied in lizards, most conclusions have been based only on male study subjects, leaving unanswered questions about females. Sex-specific differences are important to understand because females carry the bulk of the physiological demands of reproduction.