[Necessity to change the paradigms in radiation hygiene].

A question has been raised on the necessity to substitute the hypothesis of the biological effectiveness of ionizing irradiations as a paradigm of radiation hygiene for the linear--++non-threshold hypothesis. A comparison of the methodological substantiation fo both hypotheses and a conception of "acceptable risk" has been carried out. It is suggested, that the possibility of theoretical substantiation of setting standards for the radiation factor on the basis of adaptational hypothesis be acknowledge instead of the linear--++non-threshold conception which has lost its historic significance.