Preferential Secretion of Oxidation-Sensitive Proteins by Unconventional Pathways: Why is This Important for Inflammation?

Fidelity of intercellular communication depends on unambiguous interactions between protein ligands and membrane receptors. Most proteins destined to the extracellular space adopt the required three-dimensional shape as they travel through the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi complex, and other organelles of the exocytic pathway. However, some proteins, many of which are involved in inflammation, avoid this classical secretory route and follow unconventional pathways to leave the cell.

Biliopancreatic diversion for severe obesity: long-term weight maintenance and occurrence of nutritional complications are two facets of the same coin.

Background: Despite the widespread clinical use of hypoabsorptive metabolic bariatric surgery, very long-term outcomes are still lacking. The aim of the study was to assess the long-term safety and efficacy of biliopancreatic diversion at 30 years in patients with class 3 obesity (BMI over 40 kg/m2).

Methods: This retrospective single-centre study used data from a prospectively collected database on a sample of consecutive patients submitted to biliopancreatic diversion with a minimum follow-up of 30 years.

Pyrin Inflammasome Activation Defines Colchicine-Responsive SURF Patients from FMF and Other Recurrent Fevers.

Syndrome of undifferentiated recurrent fever (SURF) is characterized by recurrent fevers, a lack of confirmed molecular diagnosis, and a complete or partial response to colchicine. Despite the clinical similarities to familial Mediterranean fever (FMF), the underlying inflammatory mechanisms of SURF are not yet understood. We here analyzed the in vitro activation of the pyrin inflammasome in a cohort of SURF patients compared to FMF and PFAPA patients.

A Knock-In Mouse Model of Cryopyrin-Associated Periodic Syndromes.

Autoinflammatory diseases are a group of distinct disorders characterized by recurrent fever and inflammatory manifestations predominantly mediated by cytokines of the innate immune system, particularly IL-1β, without involvement of autoantibodies or autoreactive T lymphocytes. Cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes (CAPS), due to NLRP3 gene mutations, represent the prototype of these diseases. Owing to their genetic nature, most of these disorders have an early onset, ranging from the first hours to the first decade of life.