Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with an almost twofold increased risk of incident type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background And Aim: The magnitude of the risk of incident type 2 diabetes (T2D) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) among patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is poorly known. We gauged the risk of developing T2D and MetS in patients with NAFLD diagnosed by either serum liver enzymes (aminotransferases or gamma-glutamyltransferase [GGT]) or ultrasonography.

Methods: Pertinent prospective studies were identified through extensive electronic database research, and studies fulfilling enrolment criteria were included in the meta-analysis.

Mapping eQTL networks with mixed graphical Markov models.

Expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) mapping constitutes a challenging problem due to, among other reasons, the high-dimensional multivariate nature of gene-expression traits. Next to the expression heterogeneity produced by confounding factors and other sources of unwanted variation, indirect effects spread throughout genes as a result of genetic, molecular, and environmental perturbations. From a multivariate perspective one would like to adjust for the effect of all of these factors to end up with a network of direct associations connecting the path from genotype to phenotype.

Life expectancy in the immune recovery era: the evolving scenario of the HIV epidemic in northern Italy.

Introduction: National cohort and intercohort studies have been set to describe the differences of life expectancy (LE) of HIV-infected individuals.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the impact of immune recovery (IR) on LE of patients with HIV undergoing combination antiretroviral therapy.

Methods: In this retrospective observational study, outcome measure was LE of patients with HIV compared with LE of northern Italian population.

Human immunodeficiency virus is the major determinant of steatosis and hepatitis C virus of insulin resistance in virus-associated fatty liver disease.

Background And Aims: To promote our understanding of the relative contribution of metabolic and viral factors, the independent predictors of fatty liver and insulin resistance (IR) were assessed by comparing patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to individuals with virus-associated fatty liver disease (VAFLD): human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-VAFLD, hepatitis C virus (HCV)-VAFLD and HIV-HCV-VAFLD.

Methods: One hundred eighty eight consecutive patients with viral infections (103 HIV, 85 patients with HCV genotype 1 infection: 45 mono-infected and 40 HIV/HCV co-infected) with or without steatosis and 126 NAFLD patients were analyzed. Steatosis was diagnosed by ultrasonography.

Inference of regulatory networks from microarray data with R and the bioconductor package qpgraph.

Regulatory networks inferred from microarray data sets provide an estimated blueprint of the functional interactions taking place under the assayed experimental conditions. In each of these experiments, the gene expression pathway exerts a finely tuned control simultaneously over all genes relevant to the cellular state. This renders most pairs of those genes significantly correlated, and therefore, the challenge faced by every method that aims at inferring a molecular regulatory network from microarray data, lies in distinguishing direct from indirect interactions.