Medium-range order in molecular materials: fluctuation electron microscopy for detecting fullerenes in disordered carbons.

During a fluctuation electron microscopy (FEM) study of disordered carbons, we found that samples containing C(60) exhibit a normalized variance peak at 7.1 nm(-1) that appears to be a unique indicator of tight curvature in layered materials. This peak is associated with the characteristic in-plane carbon-carbon bond distance of approximately 0.

In vivo evaluation of a new system for 3D computerized angiography.

A new system has been designed and built to validate the concept of 3D computerized angiography (CA). This system can acquire a set of 2D digital subtracted angiography images while rotating around a patient and then, using these images, reconstruct a 3D representation of the opacified vasculature. The design principles and main characteristics of the system are described, with special attention paid to data processing aspects.

Three-dimensional coronary arteriography.

In this paper we present a new imaging technique for three-dimensional (3-D) X-ray coronary arteriography. The goal is to provide in near to real-time a 3-D representation of the coronary arterial tree, helpful to better understand its topology and locate the possible lesions. The 3-D reconstruction of the coronary arteries is obtained from a set of X-ray conic projections acquired during a rotation of the imaging chain around the patient.

Geometrical calibration of X-ray imaging chains for three-dimensional reconstruction.

Reconstructing a three-dimensional (3D) object from a set of its two-dimensional (2D) X-ray projections requires that the source position and image plane orientation in 3D space be obtained with high accuracy. We present a method for estimating the geometrical parameters of an X-ray imaging chain, based on the minimization of the reprojection mean quadratic error measured on reference points of a calibration phantom. This error is explicitly calculated with respect to the geometrical parameters of the conic projection, and a conjugate gradient technique is used for its minimization.