South of the UES: Improving the ability of speech-language pathologists to detect oesophageal abnormalities during videofluoroscopy swallowing studies.

Purpose: With two-thirds of adults presenting for a videofluoroscopy swallow study (VFSS) with oesophageal abnormalities, it seems prudent to include visualisation of the oesophagus, in the context of the entire swallow process, to provide further information to the diagnostic team. This study aims to evaluate the ability of speech-language pathologists (SLPs) to interpret oesophageal sweep on VFSS and the relative improvement in that ability with additional training.

Method: One hundred SLPs attended training in oesophageal visualisation during VFSS, based on a previous study.

Gender-Specific Wage Structure and the Gender Wage Gap in the U.S. Labor Market.

This paper challenges the predominant conceptualization of the wage structure as gender-neutral, emphasizing the contribution that this makes to the gender wage gap. Unlike most decomposition analyses, which concentrated on gender differences in productivity-enhancing characteristics (the 'explained' portion), we concentrate on the 'wage structure' (the 'unexplained' portion), which can be defined as the market returns to productivity-enhancing characteristics. These returns are commonly considered a reflection of non-gendered economic forces of supply and demand, and gender differences in these returns are attributed to market failure or measurement error.

Endoscopic management of idiopathic subglottic stenosis in pregnancy.

Aims: To describe the use of laser, endoscopic balloon dilatation with jet ventilation anaesthesia in the treatment of pregnant women with idiopathic subglottic stenosis.

Materials And Methods: This is a case review of pregnant women with idiopathic subglottic stenosis, presenting to a tertiary referral centre with worsening breathlessness. Data were extracted from patient case notes.

Suspension laryngoscopy experiences in a tertiary airway service: A prospective study of 150 procedures.

Objectives: In most cases, suspension laryngoscopy (SL) is efficient, bloodless and with minimal post-procedure discomfort. We aimed to identify predictive patient factors for acceptable surgical views at SL as well as quantify our tertiary airway unit's complication rates.

Design: Prospective cohort study of 150 consecutive microlaryngoscopy procedures involving SL over an 8-month period between November 2019 and July 2020.