Performance of Low-Dimensional Solid Room-Temperature Photodetectors-Critical View.

In the last twenty years, nanofabrication progress has allowed for the emergence of a new photodetector family, generally called low-dimensional solids (LDSs), among which the most important are two-dimensional (2D) materials, perovskites, and nanowires/quantum dots. They operate in a wide wavelength range from ultraviolet to far-infrared. Current research indicates remarkable advances in increasing the performance of this new generation of photodetectors.

The Perovskite Optoelectronic Devices - A Look at the Future.

The perovskite materials are broadly incorporated into optoelectronic devices due to a number of advantages. Their rapid technological progress is related to the relatively simple fabrication process, low production cost and high efficiency. Significant improvement is made in the light emitting, detection performance and device design especially operating in the visible and near-infrared regions.

Perovskite versus Standard Photodetectors.

Perovskites have been largely implemented into optoelectronics as they provide several advantages such as long carrier diffusion length, high absorption coefficient, high carrier mobility, shallow defect levels and finally, high crystal quality. The brisk technological development of perovskite devices is connected to their relative simplicity, high-efficiency processing and low production cost. Significant improvement has been made in the detection performance and the photodetectors' design, especially operating in the visible (VIS) and near-infrared (NIR) regions.

Infrared HOT Photodetectors: Status and Outlook.

At the current stage of long-wavelength infrared (LWIR) detector technology development, the only commercially available detectors that operate at room temperature are thermal detectors. However, the efficiency of thermal detectors is modest: they exhibit a slow response time and are not very useful for multispectral detection. On the other hand, in order to reach better performance (higher detectivity, better response speed, and multispectral response), infrared (IR) photon detectors are used, requiring cryogenic cooling.

Infrared avalanche photodiodes from bulk to 2D materials.

Avalanche photodiodes (APDs) have drawn huge interest in recent years and have been extensively used in a range of fields including the most important one-optical communication systems due to their time responses and high sensitivities. This article shows the evolution and the recent development of AB, AB, and potential alternatives to formerly mentioned-"third wave" superlattices (SL) and two-dimensional (2D) materials infrared (IR) APDs. In the beginning, the APDs fundamental operating principle is demonstrated together with progress in architecture.