Bone Trans-omics: Integrating Omics to Unveil Mechanistic Molecular Networks Regulating Bone Biology and Disease.

Purpose Of Review: Recent advancements in "omics" technologies and bioinformatics have afforded researchers new tools to study bone biology in an unbiased and holistic way. The purpose of this review is to highlight recent studies integrating multi-omics data gathered from multiple molecular layers (i.e.

Sugar transporter Slc37a2 regulates bone metabolism in mice via a tubular lysosomal network in osteoclasts.

Osteoclasts are giant bone-digesting cells that harbor specialized lysosome-related organelles termed secretory lysosomes (SLs). SLs store cathepsin K and serve as a membrane precursor to the ruffled border, the osteoclast's 'resorptive apparatus'. Yet, the molecular composition and spatiotemporal organization of SLs remains incompletely understood.

Membrane Transport Proteins in Osteoclasts: The Ins and Outs.

During bone resorption, the osteoclast must sustain an extraordinarily low pH environment, withstand immense ionic pressures, and coordinate nutrient and waste exchange across its membrane to sustain its unique structural and functional polarity. To achieve this, osteoclasts are equipped with an elaborate set of membrane transport proteins (pumps, transporters and channels) that serve as molecular 'gatekeepers' to regulate the bilateral exchange of ions, amino acids, metabolites and macromolecules across the ruffled border and basolateral domains. Whereas the importance of the vacuolar-ATPase proton pump and chloride voltage-gated channel 7 in osteoclasts has long been established, comparatively little is known about the contributions of other membrane transport proteins, including those categorized as secondary active transporters.

Cardiac diffusion-weighted MR imaging in recent, subacute, and chronic myocardial infarction: a pilot study.

Purpose: To investigate the clinical feasibility of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) to detect recent myocardial infarction (MI) and to differentiate it from subacute and chronic MI, with late-gadolinium enhancement (LGE) sequence as reference. Furthermore, to measure variation of the myocardial apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) according to the age of MI.

Materials And Methods: Seventy-four MI patients were separated in 3 groups.

[Cardiac diffusion MRI of recent and chronic myocardial infarction: preliminary results].

Purpose: To use diffusion weighted MR imaging (DWI), a technique routinely used in patients with stroke, for diagnosis of myocardial infarction (MI).

Materials And Methods: A breath hold ECG gated DWI sequence (b = 300 sec/mm2) was developped and applied to 7 patients with recent MI (3-15 days), 3 patients with chronic MI (> 6 months) and 4 patients with valvular heart disease without MI (control cases). DWI data were correlated to T2W, first pass perfusion and delayed enhancement data.