Baseline normal values and phylogenetic class of the electrocardiogram of anesthetized free-ranging brown bears (Ursus arctos).

Electrocardiographic (ECG) variables were measured in 22 healthy, free-ranging brown bears (Ursus arctos) anesthetized with a combination of medetomidine, tiletamine, and zolazepam during research and management operations in south-central Sweden. Six-limb lead ECGs and the base-apex lead were recorded. Morphologies, amplitudes, rhythms, and durations of P waves, PQ intervals, QRS complexes, T waves, QT intervals, and QT intervals corrected for heart rate (QTc) were calculated from the base-apex lead.

The pharmacokinetics of orally administered ivermectin in African elephants (Loxodonta africana): implications for parasite elimination.

Loxodonta africana are susceptible to a wide variety of parasites that are often treated with the broad spectrum antiparasitic ivermectin (IVM) based on empirical knowledge. The objectives of this study were to 1) measure plasma IVM levels following administration of 0.1 mg/kg IVM p.

Serologic response to West Nile virus vaccination in the greater one-horned rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis).

Vaccination has been an important component of preventative health care programs of North American zoologic institutions in their protection of valuable species against West Nile virus (WNV) infection since its detection in 1999. Although approved only for horses, commercial WNV vaccine has been used for the purpose of protection of nondomestic species, including avian, equid, and rhinoceros species. Currently, there are two commercial equine vaccines available, a killed vaccine and a recombinant viral-vectored vaccine.

Serial chemical restraint for treatment of decubitus ulcers in two neonatal white rhinoceroses (Ceratotherium simum).

Two neonatal white rhinoceroses (Ceratotherium simum) at two zoological institutions were medically managed for wounds characterized by extensive multifocal necrosis of the skin and subcutaneous tissue, associated with decubitus ulcers throughout the body. Wounds resulted from prolonged recumbency due to inability to stand in one case and causes unconfirmed in the other. Both calves were born in cement stalls during winter.

Single-dose intravenous and oral pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin in goral (Nemorrhaedus goral arnouxianus).

This study describes the pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin following oral and i.v. administration to goral (Nemorrhaedus goral arnouxianus).