Trends in means and distributional characteristics of cardiorespiratory endurance performance for Italian children (1984-2010).

Cardiorespiratory endurance (CRE) is an important health marker. The aim of this study was to examine temporal trends of CRE performance for Italian children between 1984 and 2010. Using a repeated cross-sectional study design, 5303 CRE test results were available for 2520 children aged 11-13 years from a single Northern Italian middle-high school between 1984 and 2010.

The Temporal Association between Body Characteristics and Speed Performance over Twenty-Five Years in Italian Adolescents.

Background: Physical fitness (PF) is positively related to skeletal and metabolic health, and it had an inverse relation with obesity. Adolescents with obesity have the worst performance in PF and speed-agility (SA) that contributes to an augmented risk to develop pathologies. To the best of our knowledge, many studies analyzed the trends of obesity and SA separately, but there is a lack of data about SA ability trends in adolescents with obesity.

Tolerance of Pseudomonas strain to the 2,4-D herbicide through a peroxidase system.

Herbicides are widely used in agricultural practices for preventing the proliferation of weeds. Upon reaching soil and water, herbicides can harm nontarget organisms, such as bacteria, which need an efficient defense mechanism to tolerate stress induced by herbicides. 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is a herbicide that exerts increased oxidative stress among bacterial communities.

Specific quorum sensing molecules are possibly associated with responses to herbicide toxicity in a Pseudomonas strain.

Pesticides contribute to pest control and increase agricultural production; however, they are toxic to non-target organisms, and they contaminate the environment. The exposure of bacteria to these substances can lead to the need for physiological and structural changes for survival, which can be determined by genes whose expression is regulated by quorum sensing (QS). However, it is not yet clear whether these processes can be induced by herbicides.

CD4+ T cells sustain aggressive chronic lymphocytic leukemia in Eμ-TCL1 mice through a CD40L-independent mechanism.

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is caused by the progressive accumulation of mature CD5+ B cells in secondary lymphoid organs. In vitro data suggest that CD4+ T lymphocytes also sustain survival and proliferation of CLL clones through CD40L/CD40 interactions. In vivo data in animal models are conflicting.