Influence of magnetic fields on calcium carbonate scaling in aqueous solutions at 150°C and 1bar.

The experiments performed as a part of this study were conducted to evaluate the effect of magnetic field treatment upon the scale forming tendency of brine solution composed primarily of calcium bicarbonate ions. The reported results were generated using a Dynamic Scale Loop system with the brine solution exposed to a magnetic field generated by a 6480 Gauss magnet of grade N45SH in a diametrical orientation for 2.5s.

Plucked human hair as a tissue in which to assess pharmacodynamic end points during drug development studies.

We have demonstrated the feasibility of detecting and quantifying six cell-cycle-related nuclear markers (Ki67, pRb, p27, phospho-p27 (phosphorylated p27), phospho-pRb (phosphorylated pRb), phospho-HH3 (phosphorylated histone H3)) in plucked human scalp and eyebrow hair. Estimates of the proportion of plucked hairs that are lost or damaged during processing plus the intra- and intersubject variability of each nuclear marker with these techniques are provided to inform sizing decisions for intervention studies with drugs potentially impacting on these markers in the future.

Phenotypic anchoring of gene expression changes during estrogen-induced uterine growth.

A major challenge in the emerging field of toxicogenomics is to define the relationships between chemically induced changes in gene expression and alterations in conventional toxicologic parameters such as clinical chemistry and histopathology. We have explored these relationships in detail using the rodent uterotrophic assay as a model system. Gene expression levels, uterine weights, and histologic parameters were analyzed 1, 2, 4, 8, 24, 48, and 72 hr after exposure to the reference physiologic estrogen 17 beta-estradiol (E2).

The effects of the phytoestrogen genistein on the postnatal development of the rat.

The present studies report the effects on neonatal rats of oral exposure to genistein during the period from birth to postnatal day (PND) 21 to generate data for use in assessing human risk following oral ingestion of genistein. Failure to demonstrate significant exposure of the newborn pups via the mothers milk led us to subcutaneously inject genistein into the pups over the period PND 1-7, followed by daily gavage dosing to PND 21. The targeted doses throughout were 4 mg/kg/day genistein (equivalent to the average exposure of infants to total isoflavones in soy milk) and a dose 10 times higher than this (40 mg/kg genistein).

Responses in the respiratory tract of rats following exposure to sulphuric acid aerosols for 5 or 28 days.

Sulphuric acid mists have been classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer as being carcinogenic to humans based on epidemiological findings of respiratory tract tumours. To determine if early changes in the respiratory tract following exposure to sulphuric acid (H(2)SO(4)) aerosols are consistent with the possible development of tumours after extended periods of exposure, groups of female rats were exposed to respirable aerosols of H(2)SO(4) at target concentrations of 0, 0.2, 1.