Perplexing paradoxical reactions: navigating the complexity of protracted tuberculosis meningitis-a case report.

Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) has considerable mortality and morbidity, and it often presents therapeutic challenges when complicated by paradoxical reactions (PRs). Here, the clinical course of four cases of TBM patients complicated by PRs in a longitudinal TB cohort is described while also providing insights from the larger clinical cohort. Research flow cytometry, biomarker analysis, and drug concentrations were performed on available samples.

Inflammasome activation in patients with Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus-associated diseases.

Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV)-associated diseases include Kaposi sarcoma (KS), primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), KSHV-associated multicentric Castleman disease (MCD), and KS inflammatory cytokine syndrome (KICS). PEL, MCD, and KICS are associated with elevated circulating inflammatory cytokines. However, activation of the inflammasome, which generates interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18 via active caspase-1/4/5, has not been evaluated in patients with KSHV-associated diseases (KADs).

Development of a predictive algorithm for patient survival after traumatic injury using a five analyte blood panel.

Severe trauma can induce systemic inflammation but also immunosuppression, which makes understanding the immune response of trauma patients critical for therapeutic development and treatment approaches. By evaluating the levels of 59 proteins in the plasma of 50 healthy volunteers and 1000 trauma patients across five trauma centers in the United States, we identified 6 novel changes in immune proteins after traumatic injury and further new variations by sex, age, trauma type, comorbidities, and developed a new equation for prediction of patient survival. Blood was collected at the time of arrival at Level 1 trauma centers and patients were stratified based on trauma level, tissues injured, and injury types.