A Proof-of-Concept for Safety Evaluation of Inhalation Exposure to Known Respiratory Irritants Using In Vitro and In Silico Methods.

There is increased interest in developing non-animal test systems for inhalation exposure safety assessments. However, defined methodologies are absent for predicting local respiratory effects from inhalation exposure to irritants. The current study introduces a concept for applying in vitro and in silico methods for inhalation exposure safety assessment.

Surgical performance anxiety among UK oral and maxillofacial surgeons.

This study of clinicians working in oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS) in the United Kingdom (UK) investigates the prevalence and character of surgical performance anxiety (SPA), a state of anxiety in response to negative evaluation by others concerning the performance of a surgical task. There is growing awareness of the impact of non-technical skills on patient outcomes with some research into SPA, but this is not OMFS-specific, and the understanding of performance anxiety in surgery falls behind comparable performance-driven professions. A prospective mixed-methods study was therefore conducted among UK OMFS clinicians using an electronic survey.

Systematic review of patients' experience with temporomandibular disorders.

Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are a group of common conditions that can have significant detrimental impact on patients functional, emotional and social wellbeing. The aim of this systematic review is to collate and summarise the literature reporting patients' experience of TMD. This helps put the condition into the context of the patient themselves and their interaction with healthcare professionals.

Male hysteria in theory and practice: Analyzing patient records of the Tartu Psychiatric Hospital (Estonia), 1881-1895.

During 1881-1895, a small number of male patients-18 in total-were diagnosed with hysteria at the University of Tartu Psychiatric Hospital. Rather than constituting an obscure psychiatric institution on the margins of European medical traditions, Tartu during these years witnessed the arrival of several influential psychiatrists: Hermann Emminghaus (1845-1904), Emil Kraepelin (1856-1926), and Vladimir Chizh (1855-1922). Yet, when comparing patient case records of male hysteria written by doctors who also published journal articles and medical textbooks on the topic, one can detect a clear inconsistency between the theory and practice of psychiatry at an important moment of its formation.

Infrastructural Barriers to Neurosurgical Care of Brain Tumors in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review.

Background: Appropriate surgical infrastructure is important for improving patient outcomes. However, low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) often struggle to provide adequate brain tumor surgery due to fractured infrastructure. This study aims to identify and evaluate barriers to surgical care infrastructure for brain tumors in LMICs.