The effect of calcium supplementation on bone calcium balance and calcium and bone metabolism during load carriage in women: a randomised controlled crossover trial.

Calcium supplementation before exercise attenuates the decrease in serum calcium and increase in PTH and bone resorption. This study investigated the effect of calcium supplementation on calcium and bone metabolism during load carriage in women. Forty-eight women completed two load carriage sessions (load carriage 1 n = 48; load carriage 2 n = 40) (12.

Alternative splicing expands the antiviral IFITM repertoire in Chinese rufous horseshoe bats.

Species-specific interferon responses are shaped by the virus-host arms race. The human interferon-induced transmembrane protein (IFITM) family consists of three antiviral IFITM genes that arose by gene duplication. These genes restrict virus entry and are key players in antiviral interferon responses.

Quantifying the impact of a novel virus on the economic value of pathogen reduction technology for platelets.

Background: Pathogen reduction technology (PRT) is an intervention designed to proactively reduce the amount of known and unknown pathogens in donated blood. As current screening for known pathogens is highly effective, some previous evaluations have found that the value of PRT largely hinges on a previously unknown pathogen, most likely a novel virus, emerging and entering the blood supply. In such situations, the risk of emergence can and should be modeled and presented transparently in the cost-effectiveness results for deliberation by decision-makers.

A systematic review to assess current surface water and sediment microplastic sampling practices in seagrass and mangrove ecosystems.

Global plastic production is estimated to be 400 million tonnes per annum, with ~ 5.25 trillion fragments floating in our oceans. Microplastics (< 5 mm) have the potential to disproportionately accumulate and become trapped in mangroves and seagrass meadows, creating plastic 'sinks'.

The VALTIVE1 study protocol: a study for the validation of Tie2 as the first tumour vascular response biomarker for VEGF inhibitors.

Background: Anti-angiogenic, VEGF inhibitors (VEGFi) increase progression-free survival (PFS) and, in some cases, overall survival in many solid tumours. However, their use has been compromised by a lack of informative biomarkers. We have shown that plasma Tie2 is the first tumour vascular response biomarker for VEGFi in ovarian, colorectal and gall bladder cancer: If plasma Tie2 concentrations do not change after 9 weeks of treatment with a VEGFi, the patient does not benefit, whereas a confirmed reduction of at least 10% plasma Tie2 defines a vascular response with a hazard ratio (HR) for PFS of 0.