Online or Blended Learning: the COVID-19 Pandemic and First-Year Medical Students' Academic Motivation.

The study aimed to investigate the influence of psychological well-being and different study format on the academic motivation of 1st-year medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Repeated cross-sectional study carried out in November 2020 (time 1) and March 2021 (time 2). During time 1 ( = 273), all students studied online.

Epidemiology chapter.

This chapter outlines the epidemiology of brucellosis in the Russian Federation and in five countries bordering Russia. Since the Soviet Union's dissolution, Russia and the newly formed independent republics have failed to maintain policies to control brucellosis and other zoonotic diseases. Many of these republics, due to weak animal control and prevention systems and dangerous food preparation practices, are still burdened with the human cost of brucellosis.