Innominate Artery Compression Syndrome: A Real Entity.

Extrinsic compromise of the lower airway in infants and children is most often due to vascular compression. Anterior tracheal compression caused by an aberrant course of the innominate artery is commonly referred to as innominate artery compression syndrome. We present a case of innominate artery compression syndrome causing severe tracheal compression precluding tracheostomy decannulation in a 6-year-old child who underwent previous neonatal repair of a left-sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia and coarctation of the aorta followed by tracheostomy and ventilator-dependent management of pulmonary hypoplasia and tracheobronchomalacia.

Induction of macrophage efferocytosis in pancreatic cancer via PI3Kγ inhibition and radiotherapy promotes tumour control.

Background: The immune suppression mechanisms in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remain unknown, but preclinical studies have implicated macrophage-mediated immune tolerance. Hence, pathways that regulate macrophage phenotype are of strategic interest, with reprogramming strategies focusing on inhibitors of phosphoinositide 3-kinase-gamma (PI3Kγ) due to restricted immune cell expression. Inhibition of PI3Kγ alone is ineffective in PDAC, despite increased infiltration of CD8+ T cells.

Use of Practices to Reduce of Sudden Unexpected Infant Death among Caregivers of Opioid Exposed Newborns.

Objectives: Sudden unexpected infant death (SUID) occurs disproportionately among opioid exposed newborns (OENs) compared to those unexposed. The extent that primary caregivers of OENs adhere to SUID-reducing infant care practices is unknown. We examined rates of SUID-reducing practices (smoking cessation, breastfeeding, and safe sleep [supine sleep, room-sharing not bed-sharing, nonuse of soft bedding or objects]) in a pilot sample of caregivers of OENs.

Biomarkers.

Background: Younger-onset neurocognitive symptoms result from a heterogenous group of neurological and psychiatric disorders which present a diagnostic challenge. To identify such factors, we analysed the BeYOND (Biomarkers in Younger-Onset Neurocognitive Disorders) cohort, a study of individuals less than 65 years old presenting with neurocognitive symptoms for a clinical diagnosis and who have undergone cognitive and biomarker analyses.

Method: 65 participants were recruited during their index presentation to the Royal Melbourne Hospital Neuropsychiatry Centre, a tertiary specialist service in Melbourne, Australia.

Determining rates of genetic testing in the evaluation of autism spectrum disorder and intellectual and developmental disorder.

Genetic testing is recommended by various professional organizations as part of clinical guidelines during the evaluation of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and other neurodevelopmental disorders. However, previous studies demonstrate that rates of genetic testing are low. This study aimed to identify the rates of genetic testing within a large university healthcare network and factors that may be associated with higher or lower rates.