Phantom evaluation of feasibility and applicability of artificial intelligence based pulmonary nodule detection in chest radiographs.

The aim of our study was to evaluate the specific performance of an artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm for lung nodule detection in chest radiography for a larger number of nodules of different sizes and densities using a standardized phantom approach. A total of 450 nodules with varying density (d1 to d3) and size (3, 5, 8, 10 and 12 mm) were inserted in a Lungman phantom at various locations. Radiographic images with varying projections were acquired and processed using the AI algorithm for nodule detection.

Pulmonary nodule visualization and evaluation of AI-based detection at various ultra-low-dose levels using photon-counting detector CT.

Background: Radiation dose should be as low as reasonably achievable. With the invention of photon-counting detector computed tomography (PCD-CT), the radiation dose may be considerably reduced.

Purpose: To evaluate the potential of PCD-CT for dose reduction in pulmonary nodule visualization for human readers as well as for computer-aided detection (CAD) studies.

Transformative changes are needed to support socio-bioeconomies for people and ecosystems in the Amazon.

Current social-technical and political conditions threaten the integrity of the Amazon biome. Overcoming these lock-ins requires structural transformations away from conventional economies towards 'socio-bioeconomies' (SBEs). SBEs are economies based on the sustainable use and restoration of Amazonian ecosystems, as well as Indigenous and rural livelihood systems in the region.

Dual-Split CT to Simulate Multiple Radiation Doses From a Single Scan-Liver Lesion Detection Compared With Dose-Matched Single-Energy CT.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential use of simulated radiation doses from a dual-split CT scan for dose optimization by comparing their lesion detectability to dose-matched single-energy CT acquisitions at different radiation dose levels using a mathematical model observer.

Materials And Methods: An anthropomorphic abdominal phantom with liver lesions (5-10 mm, both hyperattenuating and hypoattenuating) was imaged using a third-generation dual-source CT in single-energy dual-source mode at 100 kVp and 3 radiation doses (5, 2.5, 1.

In vitro blood sample assessment: investigating correlation of laboratory hemoglobin and spectral properties of dual-energy CT measurements (ρ/Z).

Objectives: Our study comprised a single-center retrospective in vitro correlation between spectral properties, namely ρ/Z values, derived from scanning blood samples using dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) with the corresponding laboratory hemoglobin/hematocrit (Hb/Hct) levels and assessed the potential in anemia-detection.

Methods: DECT of 813 patient blood samples from 465 women and 348 men was conducted using a standardized scan protocol. Electron density relative to water (ρ or rho), effective atomic number (Z), and CT attenuation (Hounsfield unit) were measured.