Publications by authors named "A R CILLO"
CD8 T cells are critical mediators of antitumor immunity but differentiate into a dysfunctional state, known as T cell exhaustion, after persistent T cell receptor stimulation in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Exhausted T (T) cells are characterized by upregulation of coinhibitory molecules and reduced polyfunctionality. T cells in the TME experience an immunosuppressive metabolic environment via reduced levels of nutrients and oxygen and a buildup of lactic acid.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDuring cancer immunosurveillance, dendritic cells (DC) play a central role in orchestrating T-cell responses against emerging tumors. Capture of miniscule amounts of antigen along with tumor-initiated costimulatory signals can drive maturation of DCs. Expression of CD91 on DCs is essential in cross-priming of T-cell responses in the context of nascent tumors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- - Wang et al. explored how CD8 T cell clones behave over time in patients undergoing combination immunotherapy for metastatic melanoma, focusing on treatments with anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4.
- - The study reveals important dynamics and transcriptional states of these T cell clones, shedding light on the complexities of how the immune system responds to treatment.
- - The findings could enhance our understanding of combination immunotherapy and improve strategies for monitoring patient responses to these treatments.
In the absence of antiretroviral therapy (ART), a subset of individuals, termed HIV controllers, have levels of plasma viremia that are orders of magnitude lower than non-controllers (NC) who are at higher risk for HIV disease progression. In addition to having fewer infected cells resulting in fewer cells with HIV RNA, it is possible that lower levels of plasma viremia in controllers are due to a lower fraction of the infected cells having HIV-1 unspliced RNA (HIV usRNA) compared with NC. To directly test this possibility, we used sensitive and quantitative single-cell sequencing methods to compare the fraction of infected cells that contain one or more copies of HIV usRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) obtained from controllers and NC.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: to identify the perception of professional empowerment among midwives in selected Latin American countries (LA). Specifically, this study aimed to compare i) the global level of empowerment among midwives in different LA countries, ii) the scores according to the different dimensions of the scale, and iii) scores according to area the of expertise.
Design: A quantitative, observational, analytical, cross-sectional and multisite study using an adaptation of the Perceptions Midwifery Empowerment Scale (PEMS).