Federally Funded Randomized Controlled Trials Increase Analysis and Reporting of Study Outcomes by Sex, Race, and Ethnicity.

We previously examined National Institutes of Health (NIH)-funded randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in 2004, 2009, and 2015 and found low compliance with NIH policies on inclusion, analysis, and reporting results for female and minoritized subgroups, with no improvement over time. We conducted a fourth wave of data collection using RCTs published in 2021, comparing current results with previous years. The authors used PubMed to find 657 RCTs published in print in 14 leading US medical journals in 2021.

Genomic Variant Is Associated with NKG2D-mediated Acute Lung Injury and Death.

Acute lung injury (ALI) carries a high risk of mortality but has no established pharmacologic therapy. We previously found that experimental ALI occurs through natural killer (NK) cell NKG2D receptor activation and that the cognate human ligand, MICB, was associated with ALI after transplantation. To investigate the association of a common missense variant, , with ALI.

Enabling ultra-low-voltage switching in BaTiO.

Single crystals of BaTiO exhibit small switching fields and energies, but thin-film performance is considerably worse, thus precluding their use in next-generation devices. Here, we demonstrate high-quality BaTiO thin films with nearly bulk-like properties. Thickness scaling provides access to the coercive voltages (<100 mV) and fields (<10 kV cm) required for future applications and results in a switching energy of <2 J cm (corresponding to <2 aJ per bit in a 10 × 10 × 10 nm device).

The role of lattice dynamics in ferroelectric switching.

Reducing the switching energy of ferroelectric thin films remains an important goal in the pursuit of ultralow-power ferroelectric memory and logic devices. Here, we elucidate the fundamental role of lattice dynamics in ferroelectric switching by studying both freestanding bismuth ferrite (BiFeO) membranes and films clamped to a substrate. We observe a distinct evolution of the ferroelectric domain pattern, from striped, 71° ferroelastic domains (spacing of ~100 nm) in clamped BiFeO films, to large (10's of micrometers) 180° domains in freestanding films.