Shock waves modulate corticospinal excitability: A proof of concept for further rehabilitation purposes?

Background: Focal extracorporeal shock wave therapy (fESWT) is a physical therapy vastly studied and used for various musculoskeletal disorders. However, the effect of fESWT on central nervous system is still to be determined.

Objective: To elucidate spinal and supra-spinal mechanisms of fESWT in healthy subjects, in order to widen the spectrum of its clinical applications.

[Management of patients with chronic pain: emerging perspectives and current practices.].

According to the International association for the study of pain (Aisd), chronic pain is «an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with, or resembling, ongoing, or potential tissue damage». The evolution of the definition of chronic pain has recognized the centrality of subjective and multidimensional valence, involving biological, psychological, and social aspects. Hence, there is a need to introduce patient-centered medicine and broaden the chronic pain management modalities.

The Many Faces of Covid-19 at a Glance: A University Hospital Multidisciplinary Account From Milan, Italy.

In March 2020, northern Italy became the second country worldwide most affected by Covid-19 and the death toll overtook that in China. Hospital staff soon realized that Covid-19 was far more severe than expected from the few data available at that time. The Covid-19 pandemic forced hospitals to adjust to rapidly changing circumstances.

Mixed facial reanimation technique to treat paralysis in medium-term cases.

Recent facial paralyses, in which fibrillations of the mimetic muscles are still detectable by electromyography (EMG), allow facial reanimation based on giving new neural stimuli to musculature. However, if more time has elapsed, mimetic muscles can undergo irreversible atrophy, and providing a new neural stimulus is simply not effective. In these cases function is provided by transferring free flaps into the face or transposing masticatory muscles to reinstitute major movements, such as eyelid closure and smiling.

Virtual Dissection by Ultrasound: Probe Handling in the First Year of Medical Education.

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to assess the educational plan of first-year students of medicine by analyzing their scores in ultrasound body scanning.

Methods: Since 2009, the San Paolo Medical School (Milan, Italy) has vertically integrated the study of anatomy with ultrasound-assisted virtual body dissection. Three modules were supplied: musculoskeletal system, heart and abdomen pelvis.