Reflux origin of the insufficient small saphenous vein by duplex ultrasound determination and consequences for therapy considering the saphenopopliteal junction type.

Objective: The reflux pathophysiology of the saphenofemoral junction (SFJ) of the insufficient great saphenous vein (GSV) has already been investigated and stratified. These results are still lacking for the small saphenous vein (SSV). The aim of the study was to analyze the pathophysiology of the saphenopopliteal junction (SPJ) in case of refluxing SSV.

Hexokinase and not glycogen synthase controls the flux through the glycogen synthesis pathway in frog oocytes.

Here we set out to evaluate the role of hexokinase and glycogen synthase in the control of glycogen synthesis in vivo. We used metabolic control analysis (MCA) to determine the flux control coefficient for each of the enzymes involved in the pathway. Acute microinjection experiments in frog oocytes were specifically designed to change the endogenous activities of the enzymes, either by directly injecting increasing amounts of a given enzyme (HK, PGM and UGPase) or by microinjection of a positive allosteric effector (glc-6P for GS).

Non-invasive evaluation of dermal elastosis by in vivo multiphoton tomography with autofluorescence lifetime measurements.

The non-invasive differentiation of dermal elastic fibres from solar elastosis in vivo is of great interest in dermatologic research, especially for efficacy testing of anti-ageing products. To date, no studies on multiphoton excited fluorescence lifetime characteristics of human elastic fibres and solar elastosis are reported. The goal of the present work was the identification of differential criteria for elastic fibres and solar elastosis by the analysis of fluorescence decay curves acquired by time-correlated single photon counting in vivo multiphoton tomography.

Intrinsic, solar and sunbed-induced skin aging measured in vivo by multiphoton laser tomography and biophysical methods.

Background: Skin aging is accelerated by extrinsic factors, particularly actinic damage. Over the last decades, both clinical and pathological differences between intrinsic and actinic aging have been characterized. In this work, we aimed at quantifying skin aging by non-invasive in vivo methods.

Morphological skin ageing criteria by multiphoton laser scanning tomography: non-invasive in vivo scoring of the dermal fibre network.

Background: Morphological changes in the dermal collagen and elastin fibre network are characteristic for skin ageing and for pathological skin conditions of the dermis.

Objectives: To characterize pathological and physiological conditions by multiphoton laser scanning tomography (MLT) in vivo, it is necessary to investigate and identify morphological alterations related to ageing.

Methods: In vivo MLT was used to image two-photon excited autofluorescence (AF) and second harmonics generation (SHG) in human dermis of 18 volunteers of different ages.