Phantom evaluation of feasibility and applicability of artificial intelligence based pulmonary nodule detection in chest radiographs.

The aim of our study was to evaluate the specific performance of an artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm for lung nodule detection in chest radiography for a larger number of nodules of different sizes and densities using a standardized phantom approach. A total of 450 nodules with varying density (d1 to d3) and size (3, 5, 8, 10 and 12 mm) were inserted in a Lungman phantom at various locations. Radiographic images with varying projections were acquired and processed using the AI algorithm for nodule detection.

Surface freezing of cationic surfactant-adsorbed films at the oil-water interface: Impact on oil-in-water emulsion and pickering emulsion stability.

When n-alkanes or n-alcohols coexist with surfactants that have similar chain lengths, they can form mixed surface-frozen films at the oil-water interface. In this review, we first explain the basic characteristics of this surface freezing transition mainly from a thermodynamic viewpoint. Then, we discussed the effect of surface freezing of a cationic surfactant (cetyltrimethylammonium chloride: CTAC) with tetradecane, hexadecane, or hexadecanol on the kinetic stability of the oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions.

Self-Assembled Single-Stranded DNA Nano-Networks in Solution and at Surfaces.

We studied the directed self-assembly of two types of complementary single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) strands [i.e., poly(dA) and poly(dT)] into more complex, organized, and percolating networks in dilute solutions and at surfaces.

Structural Characterization of Nonionic Surfactant Micelles with CO/Ethylene Oxide Head Groups and Their Temperature Dependence.

Using CO as a resource in the production of materials is a viable alternative to conventional, petroleum-based raw materials and therefore offers great potential for more sustainable chemistry. This study presents a detailed structural characterization of aggregates of nonionic dodecyl surfactants with different amounts of CO substituting ethylene oxide (EO) in the head group. The micellar structure was characterized as a function of concentration and temperature by dynamic and static light scattering and, in further detail, by small-angle neutron scattering (SANS).