The geographic scale of population-level variation in growth and nodulation differs for two species of prairie clover.

Premise: Prairies are among the most threatened biomes due to changing patterns of climate and land use, yet information on genetic variation in key species that would inform conservation is often limited. We assessed evidence for the geographic scale of population-level variation in growth of two species of prairie clover and of their symbiotic associations with nitrogen-fixing bacteria.

Methods: Seed representing two species, Dalea candida and D.

Integrins in the kidney - beyond the matrix.

The development and proper functioning of the kidney is dependent on the interaction of kidney cells with the surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM). These interactions are mediated by heterodimeric membrane-bound receptors called integrins, which bind to the ECM via their extracellular domain and via their cytoplasmic tail to intracellular adaptor proteins, to assemble large macromolecular adhesion complexes. These interactions enable integrins to control cellular functions such as intracellular signalling and organization of the actin cytoskeleton and are therefore crucial to organ function.

Three-dimensional automated measurements of femoral angles for the preoperative planning in dogs with patellar luxation.

Objectives: To report the surgical outcomes of treating patellar luxation (PL) in dogs with surgical planning based on three-dimensional (3D) automated measurement of femoral angles.

Study Design: Multicenter retrospective study.

Methods: Forty-one dogs with PL underwent preoperative computed tomography (CT).

Endothelial eNOS deficiency causes podocyte injury through NFAT2 and heparanase in diabetic mice.

The pivotal role of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in diabetic nephropathy (DN) has been demonstrated using global eNOS knockout (eNOSGKO) mice. However, the precise role of endothelially expressed eNOS and how its deficiency advances DN are still unclear. Here, we targeted endothelial eNOS expression (E-eNOSKO) after the onset of diabetes using the floxed eNOS and endSCL-CreER alleles.