Publications by authors named "A Polishchuk"

Patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) exhibit a significant residual cardiovascular risk. A new cardiovascular risk factor is the susceptibility of individual LDL particles to aggregation. This study examined LDL aggregation and its relationship with LDL lipid composition and biophysical properties in patients with FH compared to controls.

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Article Synopsis
  • Age-related issues like sarcopenia lead to physical disabilities, and the study focuses on changes in neurotrophic factors (BDNF and NT-4) and muscarinic signaling at neuromuscular junctions in aging rats compared to young ones.
  • The research found imbalances in several critical proteins associated with neurotransmission pathways, including alterations in receptor expression and reduced levels of specific channels, while other aspects remained stable.
  • The study suggests that these signaling pathways could potentially be adjusted to counteract age-related negative changes, warranting further research to improve neuromuscular function and enhance the quality of life for older adults.
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Background: Protein kinase A (PKA) enhances neurotransmission at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), which is retrogradely regulated by nerve-induced muscle contraction to promote Acetylcholine (ACh) release through the phosphorylation of molecules involved in synaptic vesicle exocytosis (SNAP-25 and Synapsin-1). However, the molecular mechanism of the retrograde regulation of PKA subunits and its targets by BDNF/TrkB pathway and muscarinic signalling has not been demonstrated until now. At the NMJ, retrograde control is mainly associated with BDNF/TrkB signalling as muscle contraction enhances BDNF levels and controls specific kinases involved in the neurotransmission.

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In recent years, the role of macrophages as the primary cell type contributing to foam cell formation and atheroma plaque development has been widely acknowledged. However, it has been long recognized that diffuse intimal thickening (DIM), which precedes the formation of early fatty streaks in humans, primarily consists of lipid-loaded smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and their secreted proteoglycans. Recent studies have further supported the notion that SMCs constitute the majority of foam cells in advanced atherosclerotic plaques.

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