Reducing pesticide risks to farming communities: cotton farmer field schools in Mali.

We provide results from a study of two separate sectors within the cotton-growing region of southern Mali. In one sector, farmers have engaged in a farmer field school (FFS) training programme since 2003--the other not. One goal of the training was the adoption of alternatives to the use of hazardous insecticides, through integrated pest management (IPM) methods.

[Value of the association of normovolemic dilution and hyperbaric oxygenation in the treatment of sudden deafness. A retrospective study].

The multiple treatments of sudden deafness shows how this pathology still remains quite unknown. The authors present a retrospective study of 87 patients treated by normovolemic hemodilution associated to hyperbaric oxygenation. They obtain a total à 60% of significant recovery (ratio between hearing gain and initial hearing loss, above 25%) and in severe hearing loss (threshold between 70 and 90 dB) 60% of good results (ratio above 50%).