Cost optimization of optical in-building networks.

Optical fiber-based in-building network solutions can outperform in the near future copper- and radio-based solutions both regarding performance and costs. POF solutions are maturing, and can already today be cheaper than Cat-5e solutions when ducts are shared with electricity power cabling. We compare the CapEx and OpEx of in-building networks for fiber and Cat-5E solutions.

'Candidatus Liberibacter europaeus' sp. nov. that is associated with and transmitted by the psyllid Cacopsylla pyri apparently behaves as an endophyte rather than a pathogen.

'Candidatus Liberibacter spp.' cause serious plant diseases. 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus', 'Ca.

Calculation of the mean differential group delay of periodically spun, randomly birefringent fibers.

Spinning is one of the most effective and well-known ways to reduce polarization mode dispersion of optical fibers. In spite of the popularity of spinning, a detailed theory of spin effects is still lacking. We report an analytical expression for the mean differential group delay of a randomly birefringent spun fiber.

Polarization mode dispersion properties of constantly spun randomly birefringent fibers.

We calculate the asymptotic first-order polarization mode dispersion statistics of constantly spun fibers. We show that in the long length regime the mean differential group delay of constantly spun fibers grows linearly with distance at the same rate as for unspun fibers. Conversely, the short length regime of constantly spun fibers may be much longer, even for limited spin rates.

Polarization mode dispersion of spun fibers with randomly varying birefringence.

We show analytically how periodic spinning affects the polarization mode dispersion of a fiber in three different practical regimes that are determined by the values of three length scales: the beat length, the birefringence correlation length, and the spin period. We determine in which limits the spin is effective in reducing the mean differential group delay.