Anatomic Drivers of J-Sign Presence and Severity: If There Is a Jump, Look for a Bump.

Background: Medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction is frequently indicated for recurrent lateral patellar instability. The preoperative presence and severity of a J-sign have been associated with poorer postoperative outcomes.

Purpose: To determine the underlying anatomic factors that contribute to the presence, severity, and jumping quality of the J-sign.

New crops on the block: effective strategies to broaden our food, fibre and fuel repertoire in the face of increasingly volatile agricultural systems.

Climate change poses significant challenges to our ability to keep a growing global population fed, clothed, and fuelled. This review sets the scene by summarising the impacts of climate change on production of the major grain crop species rice, wheat, and maize, with a focus on yield reductions due to abiotic stresses and altered disease pressures. We discuss efforts to improve resilience, emphasising traits such as water use efficiency (WUE), heat tolerance, and disease resistance.