Contralateral discectomy as a novel approach for disc herniation compressing a conjoined nerve root: illustrative case.

Background: A conjoined nerve root is a rare condition with numerous variants. The diagnosis can be challenging, especially when the condition coexists with other pathologies. In cases where a disc herniation affects these nerve roots, any miscalculation or inexperience of the surgeon can irreversibly injure them.

Protein - carbohydrate interaction studies using domestic animals as role models support the search of new glycomimetic molecules.

The structural dynamics of the interactions between defensins or lysozymes and various saccharide chains that are covalently linked to lipids or proteins were analyzed in relation to the sub-molecular architecture of the carbohydrate binding sites of lectins. Using tissue materials from rare and endangered domestic animals as well as from dogs it was possible to compare these results with data obtained from a human glioblastoma tissue. The binding mechanisms were analyzed on a cellular and a sub-molecular size level using biophysical techniques (e.

Adaptive responses to elevated CO in fruit species with different phloem loading mechanisms.

Introduction: It has been suggested that the mechanism of phloem loading, that is apoplastic or symplastic loading, may affect a plant's ability to adapt to elevated CO levels. Strawberry () and tomato () are two fruit crops that use different mechanisms to load sugars into the phloem - the former symplastically and the latter apoplastically - yet both species can increase their yields when grown in a CO-enriched environment. In this study, we subjected strawberry and tomato plants to long-term CO enrichment to determine the morphological and physiological adaptations that enable them to increase their yields in response to higher CO levels.

Protocol for collecting xylem sap from drought-treated tomato plants using a pressure chamber.

When plants are subjected to drought, it is impossible to obtain xylem sap for subsequent biochemical and molecular analysis using root pressure exudate, the conventional approach. Here, we present a protocol for collecting xylem sap from drought-treated tomato plants using a pressure chamber. We describe steps for how to prepare plants, apply drought, and use the pressure chamber to collect the xylem sap.

Fungicide Resistance in spp. and Regional Strategies for Its Management in Northern European Strawberry Production.

Grey mould, caused by and other spp., is a major cause of fruit rot in strawberries and other fruit crops worldwide. Repeated fungicide applications are essential in order to secure harvests.