Astrocyte transcriptomic analysis identifies glypican 5 downregulation as a contributor to synaptic dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease models.

Synaptic dysfunction is an early feature in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and correlates with cognitive decline. Astrocytes are essential regulators of synapses, impacting synapse formation, maturation, elimination and function. To understand if synapse-supportive functions of astrocytes are altered in AD, we used astrocyte BacTRAP mice to generate a comprehensive dataset of hippocampal astrocyte transcriptional alterations in two mouse models of Alzheimer's pathology (APPswe/PS1dE9 and Tau P301S), characterizing sex and age-dependent changes.

Stereotactic body radiation therapy for adrenal gland metastases: A multi-institutional outcome analysis.

Aim: The adrenal gland is a common site of metastasis with a rate of up to 27% in autopsy series. The incidence of these metastases is increasing due to greater use of Positron Emission Tomography scans and improved overall survival of patients with metastatic cancers. Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) is a non-invasive treatment option for metastasis.

Anti-inflammatory effects of Arnica montana (mother tincture and homeopathic dilutions) in various cell models.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: The plant Arnica montana L. has been shown to alleviate inflammation, pain and swelling associated with trauma, and post-operative clinical conditions, yet the mechanism of action is not well understood.

Aim Of The Study: The study was designed to investigate the effect of Arnica montana (A.

Astrocyte contribution to dysfunction, risk and progression in neurodegenerative disorders.

There is increasing appreciation that non-neuronal cells contribute to the initiation, progression and pathology of diverse neurodegenerative disorders. This Review focuses on the role of astrocytes in disorders including Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, Huntington disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The important roles astrocytes have in supporting neuronal function in the healthy brain are considered, along with studies that have demonstrated how the physiological properties of astrocytes are altered in neurodegenerative disorders and may explain their contribution to neurodegeneration.