Abnormal glucagon secretion contributes to a longitudinal decline in glucose tolerance.

Context: Defects in insulin secretion and action contribute to the progression of prediabetes to diabetes. However, the contribution of α-cell dysfunction to this process has been unclear.

Objective: Understand the relative contributions of α-cell and β-cell dysfunction to declining glucose tolerance.

Testing a proposed mathematical model of weight loss in women enrolled on a commercial weight-loss programme: the LighterLife study.

Weight loss results in obligatory reductions in energy expenditure (EE) due to loss of metabolically active fat-free mass (FFM). This is accompanied by adaptive reductions (i.e.

Enhanced quantification of α-cell suppression by hyperglycemia using a high-sensitivity glucagon assay.

Accurate measurement of glucagon concentrations in a variety of conditions is necessary for subsequent estimation of glucagon secretion. Glucagon arises in the α-cell as a product of proglucagon processing. Modern two-site immunoassays have overcome prior problems with glucagon measurement caused by cross-reactivity with other proglucagon-derived fragments.

Cell division cycle fluctuation of Pal concentration in Escherichia coli.

The Tol-Pal proteins stabilize the outer membrane during cell division in many Gram-negative bacteria, including . Pal is an outer membrane lipoprotein that can bind peptidoglycan. It accumulates at the septum during division by a mobilization-and-capture mechanism.