Unveiling the Phosphine-Mediated -Transfer from Azide to Isocyanide en Route to Carbodiimides and 4-Imino-1,3,2-diazaphosphetidines.

Intramolecular reactions between isocyano and iminophosphorane functions yield species containing an embedded 1,3,2-diazaphosphetidine ring, as result of the [2 + 2] cycloaddition of the primary reactive product, the cyclic carbodiimide, with a second unit of reactant. DFT studies reveal a first rate-determining step entailing a [2 + 1] cycloaddition involving the isocyanide carbon atom and the P═N double bond, with the further intervention of a dipolar precursor of the intermediate carbodiimide. The 1,3,2-diazaphosphetidine ring of the final products is shown to be hydrolytically and thermally labile.

Scenarios for Optical Encryption Using Quantum Keys.

Optical communications providing huge capacity and low latency remain vulnerable to a range of attacks. In consequence, encryption at the optical layer is needed to ensure secure data transmission. In our previous work, we proposed LightPath SECurity (LPSec), a secure cryptographic solution for optical transmission that leverages stream ciphers and Diffie-Hellman (DH) key exchange for high-speed optical encryption.

Does geographic availability of alcohol influence drinking in adolescents? A systematic review of literature associations.

Background: The role of alcohol geographic availability in influencing adolescent drinking has been debated. However, clear literature consensus has not been reached.

Objective: To provide a systematic review of the associations between geographic availability of alcohol outlets measured through different methodologies and drinking outcomes in adolescents.