Gastric duplication is a rare congenital disorder of the alimentary tract, and anemia is a rare presenting clinical sign of gastric duplication cysts (GDC). There are two reported cases of autoimmune hemolytic anemia as a paraneoplastic presentation of gastric duplication in the adult population, but there have not yet been any reported cases of this in childhood. We report the first case in the pediatric patient population: the case of GDC presenting as autoimmune hemolytic anemia in a 15-month-old girl.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeurological damage is the pathological substrate of permanent disability in various neurodegenerative disorders. Early detection of this damage, including its identification and quantification, is critical to preventing the disease's progression in the brain. Tau, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and neurofilament light chain (NfL), as brain protein biomarkers, have the potential to improve diagnostic accuracy, disease monitoring, prognostic assessment, and treatment efficacy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP) produces uridine diphosphate--acetyl glucosamine, UDP-GlcNAc, which is a key metabolite that is used for - or -linked glycosylation, a co- or post-translational modification, respectively, that modulates protein activity and expression. The production of hexosamines can occur via de novo or salvage mechanisms that are catalyzed by metabolic enzymes. Nutrients including glutamine, glucose, acetyl-CoA, and UTP are utilized by the HBP.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCarbenes are highly enabling reactive intermediates that facilitate a diverse range of otherwise inaccessible chemistry, including small-ring formation and insertion into strong σ bonds. To access such valuable reactivity, reagents with high entropic or enthalpic driving forces are often used, including explosive (diazo) or unstable (-dihalo) compounds. Here, we report that common aldehydes are readily converted (via stable α-acyloxy halide intermediates) to electronically diverse (donor or neutral) carbenes to facilitate >10 reaction classes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe majority of medicines contain a nitrogen atom within a five- or six- membered ring. To rapidly access such aza-heterocycles, we sought to develop a remote C-H desaturation of amines. Inspired by the Hofmann-Löffler-Freytag synthesis of five-membered pyrrolidines, we tackled the century-old challenge of synthesizing six-membered piperidines by H-atom transfer.
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