Iron fortification modifies the microbial community structure and metabolome of a model surface-ripened cheese.

Iron is a vital micronutrient for nearly all microorganisms, serving as a co-factor in critical metabolic pathways. However, cheese is an iron-restricted environment. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that iron represents a growth-limiting factor for many microorganisms involved in cheese ripening and that this element is central to many microbial interactions occurring in this ecosystem.

A novel frameshift TBX4 variant in a family with ischio-coxo-podo-patellar syndrome and variable severity.

Background: Congenital anomalies of the knee are a spectrum of rare disorders with wide clinical and genetic variability, which are mainly due to the complex processes underlying knee development. Despite progresses in understanding pathomechanisms and associated genes, many patients remain undiagnosed.

Objective: To uncover the genetic bases of a congenital patellar dislocation affecting multiple family members with variable severity.

BCL11A intellectual developmental disorder: defining the clinical spectrum and genotype-phenotype correlations.

An increasing number of individuals with intellectual developmental disorder (IDD) and heterozygous variants in BCL11A are identified, yet our knowledge of manifestations and mutational spectrum is lacking. To address this, we performed detailed analysis of 42 individuals with BCL11A-related IDD (BCL11A-IDD, a.k.