Publications by authors named "A P W Barrows"
Article Synopsis
- Coral reefs are facing rapid biodiversity loss due to climate change, leading to increased focus on active restoration methods to help these ecosystems.
- Sexual propagation can help maintain genetic diversity in restoration, but challenges like algal overgrowth hinder success; co-culturing corals with herbivorous urchins may help.
- A study found that co-culturing juvenile corals with Hawaiian collector urchins significantly improved coral survival (by 14% for aggregates and 24% for individual settlers) and growth, suggesting it could be an effective strategy for restoring local coral species.
Aim: While accumulating evidence suggests that people modified their smoking during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, it remains unclear whether those most at risk for tobacco-related health disparities did so. The current study examined changes in smoking among several vulnerable smoker populations during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods: A web-based survey was distributed in 2020 to 709 adults with socioeconomic disadvantage, affective disorders, or opioid use disorder who participated in a previous study investigating the effects of very low nicotine content (VLNC) cigarettes on smoking.
Background: Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) are common malignancies caused by carcinogens, including tobacco and alcohol, or infection with human papillomavirus (HPV). Immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting the programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) pathway are effective against unresectable recurrent/metastatic HNSCC. Here, we explored the safety and efficacy of anti-PD-1 therapy in at-risk resectable HPV-positive and HPV-negative HNSCC in the neoadjuvant setting.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDespite their representativeness, most studies to date have underestimated the amount of microfibers (MFs) in the marine environment. Therefore, further research is still necessary to identify key processes governing MF distribution. Here, the interaction among surface water temperature, salinity, currents and winds explained the patterns of MF accumulation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImportance: This study is part of a programmatic effort evaluating the effects of reducing nicotine content of cigarettes to minimally addictive levels.
Objective: To examine whether very low-nicotine-content (VLNC) cigarettes decrease smoking rates and dependence severity among smokers with psychiatric disorders or socioeconomic disadvantage.
Design, Setting, And Participants: These 3 randomized clinical trials were performed at the University of Vermont, Brown University, and Johns Hopkins University between October 2016 and September 2019.