Insights into eye genetics and recent advances in ocular gene therapy.

The rapid advancements in the field of genetics have significantly propelled the development of gene therapies, paving the way for innovative treatments of various hereditary disorders. This review focuses on the genetics of ophthalmologic conditions, highlighting the currently approved ophthalmic gene therapy and exploring emerging therapeutic strategies under development. Inherited retinal dystrophies represent a heterogeneous group of genetic disorders that manifest across a broad spectrum from infancy to late middle age.

Alkyl 4-Alkoxyvalerates: Characterization and Application in Pd-Catalyzed Aminocarbonylation of Iodo(hetero)arene Compounds.

The palladium-catalyzed aminocarbonylation is one of the most effective methods for the synthesis of carboxamides having great importance. Replacing fossil-based organic solvents in this routinely used catalytic protocol with biomass-derived media is crucial for developing environmentally safe alternatives and towards sustainability considerations. In this study, the open-chain derivatives of bio-originated substance γ-valerolactone i.

Palladium-Catalyzed Selective Carbonylation Reactions of -Phenylene Dihalides with Bifunctional ,-Nucleophiles.

Palladium-catalyzed carbonylation reactions of -phenylene dihalides were studied using aminoethanols as heterobifunctional ,-nucleophiles. The activity of aryl-iodide and -bromide as well as the chemoselective transformation of amine and hydroxyl functionalities were studied systematically under carbonylation conditions. Aminocarbonylation can be selectively realized under optimized conditions, enabling the formation of amide alcohols, and the challenging alkoxycarbonylation can also be proved feasible, enabling amide-ester production.

QCD challenges from pp to AA collisions: 4th edition.

This paper is a write-up of the ideas that were presented, developed and discussed at the fourth International Workshop on QCD Challenges from pp to AA, which took place in February 2023 in Padua, Italy. The goal of the workshop was to focus on some of the open questions in the field of high-energy heavy-ion physics and to stimulate the formulation of concrete suggestions for making progresses on both the experimental and theoretical sides. The paper gives a brief introduction to each topic and then summarizes the primary results.

Increased beta synchronization underlies perception-action hyperbinding in functional movement disorders.

Functional movement disorders are amongst the most common and disabling neurological conditions, placing a significant burden on the healthcare system. Despite the frequency and importance of functional movement disorders, our understanding of the underlying pathophysiology is limited, hindering the development of causal treatment options. Traditionally, functional movement disorders were considered as a psychiatric condition, associated with involuntary movements triggered by psychological stressors.