Sexual Dimorphism and Population Affinity in the Human Zygomatic Structure-Comparing Surface to Outline Data.

The human zygomatic structure, consisting of the zygomatic bone and the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, is an essential part of the masticatory apparatus and has been shown to reflect population history and sexual dimorphism to varying degrees. In this study, we analyzed the predictive value of the outlines vs. the complete surface shape of the zygomatic bone in a sample of 98 Chinese (50 ♀, 48 ♂) and 96 Germans (49 ♀, 47 ♂).

Analysis of the human osseous nasal shape--population differences and sexual dimorphism.

Objectives: In this study, the shape of the outer osseous nose in a German and a Chinese sample is analyzed using a dense set of semi-landmarks. Shape differences related to population and sex as well as directional and fluctuating asymmetry were statistically evaluated and also visualized.

Materials And Methods: Shape differences in the bony nose were investigated between a large sample of CT scans of German (140 ♀, 127 ♂) and Chinese (135 ♀, 132 ♂) crania.

Anatomical shape analysis of the mandible in Caucasian and Chinese for the production of preformed mandible reconstruction plates.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate and analyze statistical shapes of the outer mandible contour of Caucasian and Chinese people, offering data for the production of preformed mandible reconstruction plates.

Methods: A CT-database of 925 Caucasians (male: n=463, female: n=462) and 960 Chinese (male: n=469, female: n=491) including scans of unaffected mandibles were used and imported into the 3D modeling software Voxim (IVS-Solutions, Chemnitz, Germany). Anatomical landmarks (n=22 points for both sides) were set using the 3D view along the outer contour of the mandible at the area where reconstruction plates are commonly located.

Effects of long-time reading experience on reaction time and the recognition potential.

The proposition that long-time experience in reading a language gradually builds up rapidly acting neural processes that facilitate the processing of words in that language and speed them into conscious awareness was examined. Behavioral reaction time (RT) and electrophysiological responsiveness to visually displayed words and non-language images were measured in persons who differed in how much experience they had in reading English. The electrophysiological response was the recognition potential (RP).

Does a warning signal accelerate the processing of sensory information? Evidence from recognition potential responses to high and low frequency words.

Electrophysiological and behavioral data were obtained in 12 subjects who detected valid words in a background stream of random letter strings. Behavioral reaction time (RT) showed significant effects of warning signal presentation and the frequency of word usage in printed literature. Cross-correlation functions were used to estimate delays of electrophysiological responses.