Bone cell differentiation and mineralization in wild-type and osteogenesis imperfecta zebrafish are compromised by per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS).

Perfluorinated compounds (PFAS) are well recognized toxic pollutants for humans, but if their effect is equally harmful for healthy and fragile people is unknown. Addressing this question represents a need for ensuring global health and wellbeing to all individuals in a world facing the progressive increase of aging and aging related diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA) exposure on development and skeletal phenotype using the osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) zebrafish model Chihuahua (Chi/+), carrying a dominant glycine substitution in the α1 chain of collagen I and their wild-type (WT) littermates.

High dynamic range widefield fundus photography with transcranial illumination: a contrast agent-free method for non-mydriatic choroidal imaging.

The choroid, a critical vascular layer beneath the retina, is essential for maintaining retinal function and monitoring chorioretinal disorders. Existing imaging methods, such as indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) and optical coherence tomography (OCT), face significant limitations, including contrast agent requirements, restricted field of view (FOV), and high costs, limiting accessibility. To address these challenges, we developed a nonmydriatic, contrast agent-free fundus camera utilizing transcranial near-infrared (NIR) illumination.

A Rare Pediatric Giant Cell Tumor of the Clivus Bone, H3.3 p.Gly35Trp-mutated: Case Report and Mini-review of the Literature.

Introduction: Giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) is a rare, typically benign neoplasm that primarily affects long bones in adults, with clival involvement being extremely rare, particularly in pediatric cases: a mini-review shows a total of 28 described cases, of which only 5 were truly pediatric (within 14 years of age). Surgery is the treatment of choice, and Denosumab is reported to be the most effective drug therapy. To date, the GCTB's molecular hallmark is the somatic mutation p.

Assessing the risk of heart failure in type 2 diabetes: a prediction algorithm to sustain the evaluation of NT-proBNP in primary care.

Purpose: Heart failure (HF) is a disease that leads to approximately 300,000 fatalities annually in Europe and 250,000 deaths each year in the United States. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a significant risk factor for HF, and testing for N-terminal (NT)-pro hormone BNP (NT-proBNP) can aid in early detection of HF in T2DM patients. We therefore developed and validated the HFriskT2DM-HScore, an algorithm to predict the risk of HF in T2DM patients, so guiding NT-proBNP investigation in a primary care setting.

Hepatotoxicity in Cancer Immunotherapy: Diagnosis, Management, and Future Perspectives.

Cancer immunotherapy, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors, has positively impacted oncological treatments. Despite its effectiveness, immunotherapy is associated with immune-related adverse events (irAEs) that can affect any organ, including the liver. Hepatotoxicity primarily manifests as immune-related hepatitis and, less frequently, cholangitis.