Chronic morphine impairs interoceptive control of avoidance: Implications for dysregulated drug intake.

Interoceptive drug states have been increasingly recognized as important cues that may help regulate intake by disambiguating postintake outcomes. While drug states signaling rewarding or reinforcing effects may occasion drug-taking and drug-seeking, states signaling aversive effects may be critical for terminating a drug-taking episode. Given that drug intake often becomes dysregulated with extensive exposure, the present study investigated whether chronic drug exposure impairs the function of interoceptive drug states to occasion avoidance.

Spatial variability of metal(loid) leaching from coastal colliery wastes under freshwater and saline water conditions.

Historical disposal of coal mine wastes in the coastal zone has left a significant environmental pollution legacy. Climate change is increasing the likelihood that erosion of these wastes will lead to release of metal(loid)s to coastal environments. Whilst previous research has focussed on the generation of acidic, metal-rich waters from coal mine wastes in freshwater environments, a comprehensive investigation of metal(loid) leaching from such wastes in the coastal zone has not been undertaken.

Pharmacological characterization of the novel selective kappa opioid receptor agonists 10-Iodo-Akuammicine and 10-Bromo-akuammicine in mice.

Akuammicine (AKC), an indole alkaloid, is a kappa opioid receptor (KOR) full agonist with a moderate affinity. 10-Iodo-akuammicine (I-AKC) and 10-Bromo-akuammicine (Br-AKC) showed higher affinities for the KOR with K values of 2.4 and 5.

Spatial and temporal (annual and decadal) trends of metal(loid) concentrations and loads in an acid mine drainage-affected river.

Acid mine drainage (AMD) is a worldwide problem that degrades river systems and is difficult and expensive to remediate. To protect affected catchments, it is vital to understand the behaviour of AMD-related metal(loid) contaminants as a function of space and time. To address this, the sources, loads and transport mechanisms of arsenic (As), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe) and sulfur (S) in a representative AMD-affected catchment (the Carnon River in Cornwall, UK) were determined over a 12-month sampling period and with 22 years of monitoring data collected by the Environment Agency (England) (EA).