Engineering Terpene Production Pathways in AM1.

Terpenes are diverse specialized metabolites naturally found within plants and have important roles in inter-species communication, adaptation and interaction with the environment. Their industrial applications span a broad range, including fragrances, flavors, cosmetics, natural colorants to agrochemicals and therapeutics, yet formal chemical synthesis is economically challenging due to structural complexities. Engineering terpene biosynthesis could represent an alternative in microbial biotechnological workhorses, such as or , utilizing sugars or complex media as feedstocks.

Robust immunity to influenza vaccination in haematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients following reconstitution of humoral and adaptive immunity.

Objectives: Influenza causes significant morbidity and mortality, especially in high-risk populations. Although current vaccination regimens are the best method to combat annual influenza disease, vaccine efficacy can be low in high-risk groups, such as haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients.

Methods: We comprehensively assessed humoral immunity, antibody landscapes, systems serology and influenza-specific B-cell responses, together with their phenotypes and isotypes, to the inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV) in HSCT recipients in comparison to healthy controls.

Prime-boost, double-dose influenza vaccine immunity in COPD: a pilot observational study.

Background: COPD patients are more susceptible to viral respiratory infections and their sequelae, and have intrinsically weaker immune responses to vaccinations against influenza and other pathogens. Prime-boost, double-dose immunisation has been suggested as a general strategy to overcome weak humoral response to vaccines, such as seasonal influenza vaccination, in susceptible populations with weak immunity. However, this strategy, which may also provide fundamental insights into the nature of weakened immunity, has not been formally studied in COPD.

Investigating the transmission of baloxavir-resistant influenza viruses from treated index patients to untreated household contacts in the BLOCKSTONE study.

In a post-hoc analysis of the phase 3 BLOCKSTONE study (JapicCTI-184180), we investigated household transmission of baloxavir-resistant (PA/I38X) influenza viruses. Using baloxavir resistance rates from prior clinical trials and the rate of influenza transmission observed in the study, the predicted number of PA/I38X transmission events was 4.8, assuming wild type and PA/I38X viruses were equally transmissible.