Functional characterization reveals the importance of Arabidopsis ECA4 and EPSIN3 in clathrin mediated endocytosis and wall structure in apical growing cells.

Localized clathrin mediated endocytosis is vital for secretion and wall deposition in apical growing plant cells. Adaptor and signalling proteins, along with phosphoinositides, are known to play a regulatory, yet poorly defined role in this process. Here we investigated the function of Arabidopsis ECA4 and EPSIN3, putative mediators of the process, in pollen tubes and root hairs.

Morphological and Biophysical Study of S100A9 Protein Fibrils by Atomic Force Microscopy Imaging and Nanomechanical Analysis.

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging enables the visualization of protein molecules with high resolution, providing insights into their shape, size, and surface topography. Here, we use AFM to study the aggregation process of protein S100A9 in physiological conditions, in the presence of calcium at a molar ratio 4Ca:S100A9. We find that S100A9 readily assembles into a worm-like fibril, with a period dimension along the fibril axis of 11.

A new combination for a neglected member of subsect. (Plantaginaceae, Antirrhineae) endemic to the Algarve, Portugal.

, from the overlooked Central Algarve plant endemism centre, is here lectotypified and redescribed as a full species based on Linariaviscosavar.bimaculata, which was historically misidentified under allopatric and . Traditional herbarium taxonomy and citizen science observations were combined to document the geographical range of the four species of Linariasubsect.

Unveiling the membrane bound dihydroorotate: Quinone oxidoreductase from Staphylococcus aureus.

Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen and one of the most frequent causes for community acquired and nosocomial bacterial infections. Even so, its energy metabolism is still under explored and its respiratory enzymes have been vastly overlooked. In this work, we unveil the dihydroorotate:quinone oxidoreductase (DHOQO) from S.