Multi-stakeholder perspectives into the experiences of siblings when a child is critically ill: A qualitative systematic review.

Objectives: A child's critical illness and admission to intensive care can have significant short- and long-term impacts for the parents and hospitalized child. While experiences of parents have been explored, the impact on siblings remains unclear. The aim was to systematically review and synthesize qualitative research exploring the experiences of siblings when a child is critically ill, from the perspectives of siblings and relevant key stakeholders.

An update of a systematic review and meta-analyses exploring flavours in intervention studies of e-cigarettes for smoking cessation.

Aims: To determine patterns of e-cigarette flavour use (sweet, tobacco, menthol/mint) in interventional studies of e-cigarettes for stopping smoking, and to estimate associations between flavours and smoking/vaping outcomes.

Methods: Update of secondary data analyses, including meta-analyses subgrouped by flavour provision and narrative syntheses, incorporating data from January 2004 to February 2024. Eligible studies were identified from a Cochrane review.

The Emerging Role of p21 in Diabetes and Related Metabolic Disorders.

In the context of cell cycle inhibition, anti-proliferation, and the dysregulation observed in certain cancer pathologies, the protein p21 assumes a pivotal role. p21 links DNA damage responses to cellular processes such as apoptosis, senescence, and cell cycle arrest, primarily functioning as a regulator of the cell cycle. However, accumulating empirical evidence suggests that p21 is both directly and indirectly linked to a number of different metabolic processes.

The Role of Hypothalamic Microglia in the Onset of Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes: A Neuro-Immune Perspective.

Historically, microglial activation has been associated with diseases of a neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory nature. Some, like Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and multiple system atrophy, have been explored extensively, while others pertaining to metabolism not so much. However, emerging evidence points to hypothalamic inflammation mediated by microglia as a driver of metabolic dysregulations, particularly insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus.