Targeting VMPFC-amygdala circuit with TMS in substance use disorder: A mechanistic framework.

The ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC), located along the medial aspect of the frontal area, plays a critical role in regulating arousal/emotions. Its intricate connections with subcortical structures, including the striatum and amygdala, highlight the VMPFC's importance in the neurocircuitry of addiction. Due to these features, the VMPFC is considered a promising target for transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in substance use disorders (SUD).

Transcranial direct current stimulation in patients with depression: An electric field modeling meta-analysis.

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) has shown potential in modulating cortical activity and treating depression. Despite its promise, variability in electrode montage configurations and electric field strength across studies has resulted in inconsistent outcomes. Traditional meta-analytic methods assessing the effect of tDCS in depression typically do not compare tDCS montage and the anatomical distribution of electric field, which is a major source of inter-experimental variability.

Two Isomeric Thienoacenes in Thin Films: Unveiling the Influence of Molecular Structure and Intermolecular Packing on Electronic Properties.

Isomerism of molecular structures is often encountered in the field of organic semiconductors, but little is known about how it can impact electronic and charge transport properties in thin films. This study reveals the molecular orientation, electronic structure, and intermolecular interactions of two isomeric thienoacenes (DN4T and isoDN4T) in thin films, in relation to their charge transport properties. Utilizing scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARUPS), and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure measurements (NEXAFS), we systematically analyze the behavior of these isomers from submonolayer to multilayer coverage on highly ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) as substrates.

Individuals with psychosis receive less electric field strength during transcranial direct current stimulation compared to healthy controls.

Recent research has examined the effectiveness of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) as an adjunctive treatment for antipsychotics, finding mixed results on cognitive, positive, and negative symptoms. We tested if individuals with psychosis have reduced electric field strength compared to healthy controls and assessed the potential causal factors. We hypothesized that either cortical thinning due to the disorder or increased scalp thickness due to secondary effects of the disorder were causal factors.