Dissemination of IncF plasmids carrying beta-lactamase genes in Gram-negative bacteria from Nigerian hospitals.

Introduction: Production of beta-lactamases is the predominant cause of resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics in Gram-negative bacteria. We investigated the diversity of plasmid-borne beta-lactamase genes and replicon type of the plasmids carrying the respective genes in Gram-negative bacteria recovered from clinical infection in Nigerian hospitals.

Methodology: A total of 134 Gram-negative bacteria of 13 species were analyzed for antimicrobial susceptibility, phenotypic and genotypic detection of various beta-lactamases, and plasmid analysis, including replicon typing.

High levels of multidrug resistance in clinical isolates of Gram-negative pathogens from Nigeria.

In Nigeria, quinolones and β-lactam antibiotics are widely used to treat bacterial infections. This study aimed to identify the prevalence of resistance to these drugs and to determine the mechanisms of resistance to these agents. In total, 134 non-duplicate, Gram-negative enteric isolates of 13 species from different hospitals were investigated for susceptibility to a panel of antibiotics, carriage of plasmid-mediated quinolone and β-lactam resistance genes, production of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs), and mutations within topoisomerase genes.

Fluconazole resistant opportunistic oro-pharyngeal Candida and non-Candida yeast-like isolates from HIV infected patients attending ARV clinics in Lagos, Nigeria.

Background: Oro-Pharyngeal Candidiasis (OPC) continues to be considered the most common opportunistic fungal disease in HIV/AIDS patients globally. Azole antifungal agent has become important in the treatment of mucosal candidiasis in HIV patients. Presently, antifungal drug resistance is fast becoming a major problem particularly with the immune depleted population.

Antibiotic susceptibility patterns of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to available antipseudomonal drugs in Ibadan, Nigeria.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa has been reported to be a leading cause ofnosocomial infections. Resistance of this notorious bacterium to commonly used antimicrobial agents is becoming an increasing clinical problem and a recognized public health threat because there are limited number of antimicrobial agents including the antipseudomonal penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems, aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones with reliable activity against it. This study was therefore carried out, using Bauer-Kirby method, to determine the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from in-patients and out-patients attending the University College Hospital, Ibadan in Nigeria between June 2004 and May 2006.

Plasmid determined resistance to quinolones in clinical isolates of Gram-negative bacilli.

A total of 166 strains of Gram-negative bacilli comprising 65 Klebsiella species, 22 Escherichia coli, 39 Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 20 Proteus species, 18 other Pseudomonas species and 2 Salmonella typhi, were isolated from clinical specimens in the University College Hospital, Ibadan. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and plasmid profiling of the strains were done. Ceftazidine had the highest antibacterial activity of 83.