Electrochemical characteristics and concentration polarization of perfluorinated cation-exchange membranes.

Equilibrium parameters (ion-exchange capacity, moisture content) and transport characteristics (electroconductivity, ion transport numbers, liquid filtration coefficient, and streaming potential) of perfluorinated sulfonated (MF-4SK) and carboxylated (MF-4CK) cation-exchange membranes in NaCl and KCl solutions were measured. Experimental data were used for calculation of the electrochemical membrane characteristics: concentration of fixed ions, counter- and coions, efficiency coefficients and structural resistance coefficients, ion mobilities in membranes, electroosmotic mobility and convective part of specific conductivity of intramembrane liquid, Donnan's potentials and water transport numbers in membranes. Concentration polarization of the membrane systems was also investigated.

Toxaphene chemistry: separation and characterisation of selected enantiomers of the Polychloropinene mixtures.

The primary goal for the study presented here was the preparation and characterisation of enantiomeric pure chlorobornane standards (Toxaphene). In this context, we partially modeled the procedure for Polychloropinene production in the former USSR. The initial reaction was ionic addition of hydrogen chloride to (1S)-alpha-pinene resulting predominantly in (1S)-2-endo-chlorobornane.